Last Update: 29th April, 2013
© Günter Bechly, Böblingen, 2005
© Günter Bechly,
Böblingen, 2005
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| TIME (mybp) | AEON | ERA (Zoology) | ERA (Botany) | PERIOD | EPOCH | AGE & CHRON | GLACIATIONS | TIME (mybp) | FOSSIL LOCALITIES (outcrops) | FOSSIL DRAGONFLIES | TIME (mybp) | FLORA | INVERTEBRATE FAUNA | VERTEBRATE FAUNA | PRIMATES & MEN | TIME (mybp) |
| 16.000,000 | Cosmo-Genesis ("Big Bang") | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | 16.000,000 | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | 16.000,000 | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | xx | xx | xx | 16.000,000 |
| 6.000,000 | Terra-Genesis | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | 6.000,000 | xx | xx | 6.000,000 | xx | xx | xx | xx | 6.000,000 |
| 5.000,000 | Litho-Genesis | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | 5.000,000 | xx | xx | 5.000,000 | xx | xx | xx | xx | 5.000,000 |
| 4.600,000 | Bio-Genesis | (Early) Precambrian | xx | Azoican | Pre-Riphaeican | xx | xx | 4.600,000 | xx | xx | 4.600,000 | "Ur-Suppe" | xx | xx | xx | 4.600,000 |
| 3.800,000 | Cryptozoican | (Early) Precambrian | xx | Archaican (Archaeozoican) | Pre-Riphaeican | xx | xx | 3.800,000 | Isua, Greenland; Lake Superior, Canada | xx | 3.800,000 | "eobionts" | xx | xx | xx | 3.800,000 |
| 3.400,000 | Cryptozoican | (Early) Precambrian | Eophytican / Proterophytican | Archaican (Archaeozoican) | Pre-Riphaeican | xx | xx | 3.400,000 | Onverwacht, S.-Africa; Warrawoona, West-Australia | xx | 3.400,000 | only procaryotes (cyanobacteriae) | xx | xx | xx | 3.400,000 |
| 3.000,000 | Cryptozoican | (Early) Precambrian | Eophytican / Proterophytican | Archaican (Archaeozoican) | Pre-Riphaeican | xx | xx | 3.000,000 | Fig Tree, S.-Africa | xx | 3.000,000 | only procaryotes (stromatoliths and cyanobacteriae) | xx | xx | xx | 3.000,000 |
| 2.500,000 | Cryptozoican | (Middle) Precambrian | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Early or Lower) Proterozoican / Algonican | Pre-Riphaeican | xx | mid-precambrian glaciation | 2.500,000 | Witwatersrand, S.-Africa; Minnesota, USA; Michigamme-Coal; Bulawayo, Simbabwe | xx | 2.500,000 | only procaryotes (stromatoliths and cyanobacteriae) | xx | xx | xx | 2.500,000 |
| 2.000,000 | Cryptozoican | (Middle) Precambrian | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Early or Lower) Proterozoican / Algonican | Pre-Riphaeican | xx | Lake Superior-glaciation | 2.000,000 | Gunflint, Ontario, Canada; Belcher Group, Hudson Bay, Canada (HURON) | xx | 2.000,000 | only procaryotes (stromatoliths and cyanobacteriae) | xx | xx | xx | 2.000,000 |
| 1.800,000 | Cryptozoican | (Middle) Precambrian | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Middle) Proterozoican / Algonican | (Lower) Riphaeican (Riphean) | xx | xx | 1.800,000 | Botswana | xx | 1.800,000 | only procaryotes (stromatoliths and cyanobacteriae) | xx | xx | xx | 1.800,000 |
| 1.400,000 | Cryptozoican | (Late) Precambrian | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Middle) Proterozoican / Algonican | (Middle) Riphaeican (Riphean) | xx | xx | 1.400,000 | Belt Supergroup, Montana, USA | xx | 1.400,000 | first eucaryotic algae | xx | xx | xx | 1.400,000 |
| 900,000 | Cryptozoican | (Late) Precambrian | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Middle) Proterozoican / Algonican | (Upper) Riphaeican (Riphean) | xx | xx | 900,000 | Chuar Group, Arizona, USA; Bitter Springs, South-Australia | xx | 900,000 | radiation of eucaryotic algae, beginning decline of stromatholiths | first eucaryotic "protozoans" | xx | xx | 900,000 |
| 585,000 | Phanerozoican | (Late) Precambrian | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Late or Upper) Proterozoican / Algonican | (Lower) Vendian (Eocambrian | Volyn | eocambrian glaciation | 585,000 | Nama, Namibia; Maplewell-Series, England, UK | xx | 585,000 | eucaryotic green algae | Vendobionta | xx | xx | 585,000 |
| 565,000 | Phanerozoican | (Late) Precambrian | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Late or Upper) Proterozoican / Algonican | (Middle) Vendian (Eocambrian) | Redkino | eocambrian glaciation | 565,000 | Ediacara, South-Australia (Pound-Quarzit) | xx | 565,000 | eucaryotic green algae | Vendobionta, Cnidaria | xx | xx | 565,000 |
| 550,000 | Phanerozoican | (Late) Precambrian | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Late or Upper) Proterozoican / Algonican | (Upper) Vendian (Eocambrian) | Kotlin | eocambrian glaciation | 550,000 | xx | xx | 550,000 | eucaryotic green algae | Vendobionta, Cnidaria | xx | xx | 550,000 |
| 535,000 | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Eophytican / Proterophytican | Cambrian | Early or Lower Cambrian / Georgian (olenellid-series) | Lower Cambrian M & T & A & B & T | xx | 535,000 | Chengjiang, S.-China; Sirius-Passet, N.-Greenland; New Foundland, Canada (Tephra-Layers) | xx | 535,000 | eucaryotic green algae | Vendobionta, first Annelida | xx | xx | 535,000 |
| 520,000 | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Eophytican / Proterophytican | Cambrian | Middle Cambrian / Acadian (paradoxid-series) | xx | xx | 520,000 | Burgess, British Columbia, Canada | xx | 520,000 | eucaryotic green algae | Arthropoda ("trilobites") | xx | xx | 520,000 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Eophytican / Proterophytican | Cambrian | Late or Upper Cambrian / Potsdamian (olenid-series) | xx | African inland- and montane glaciation (Pakhuis, Table-Mountain) | xx | xx | xx | xx | eucaryotic green algae | xx | first Vertebrata ("agnathes") | xx | xx |
| 505,000 | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Lower) Ordovician (ex Lower Silurian) | Canadian / Tremadocian | xx | African inland- and montane glaciation (Pakhuis, Table-Mountain) | 505,000 | xx | xx | 505,000 | eucaryotic green algae | first Chelicerata | xx | xx | 505,000 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Lower) Ordovician (ex Lower Silurian) | Canadian / Arenigian | xx | African inland- and montane glaciation (Pakhuis, Table-Mountain) | xx | xx | xx | xx | eucaryotic green algae | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| 455,000 | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Upper / Middle) Ordovician (ex Lower Silurian) | Champlainian / Llanvirnian | xx | African inland- and montane glaciation (Pakhuis, Table-Mountain) | 455,000 | xx | xx | 455,000 | eucaryotic green algae (Cyclocrinus), red algae (Palaeoporella) | xx | xx | xx | 455,000 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Upper / Middle) Ordovician (ex Lower Silurian) | Champlainian / Llandeilian | xx | African inland- and montane glaciation (Pakhuis, Table-Mountain) | xx | xx | xx | xx | eucaryotic green algae (Cyclocrinus), red algae (Palaeoporella) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Upper / Middle) Ordovician (ex Lower Silurian) | Champlainian / Caradocian | xx | African inland- and montane glaciation (Pakhuis, Table-Mountain) | xx | xx | xx | xx | eucaryotic green algae (Cyclocrinus), red algae (Palaeoporella) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Upper) Ordovician (ex Lower Silurian) | Cincinnatian / Ashgillian | xx | African inland- and montane glaciation (Pakhuis, Table-Mountain) | xx | xx | xx | xx | eucaryotic green algae (Cyclocrinus), red algae (Palaeoporella) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| 438,000 | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Lower) Silurian (Gotlandian) | Llandoverian | xx | xx | 438,000 | xx | xx | 438,000 | eucaryotic green algae | first "myriapods" | xx | xx | 438,000 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Middle) Silurian (Gotlandian) | Wenlockian | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | eucaryotic green algae | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Upper) Silurian (Gotlandian) | Ludlovian | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | eucaryotic green algae | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Eophytican / Proterophytican | (Upper) Silurian (Gotlandian) | Pridolian | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | eucaryotic green algae | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| 408,000 | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | Devonian | Lower Devonian / Ulsterian | (Lower & Upper) Gedinnian / Lochkovian | xx | 408,000 | xx | xx | 408,000 | psilophytes (Psilophyton) | xx | first Gnathostomata | xx | 408,000 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | Devonian | Lower Devonian / Ulsterian | Siegenian / Pragian | xx | xx | Rhynie Chert, Scotland, UK; Bundenbach, Hunsrück, Rheinland, BRD | xx | xx | psilophytes (Rhynia) | first insects (Rhyniella) | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | Devonian | Lower Devonian / Ulsterian | (Lower) Emsian / Zlichovian | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | psilophytes | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | Devonian | Lower Devonian / Ulsterian | (Upper) Emsian / Dalejan | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | psilophytes | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| 387,000 | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | Devonian | Middle Devonian / Ulsterian | Eifelian | xx | 387,000 | xx | xx | 387,000 | psilophytes (Hostimella), ferns (Aneurophyton, Asteroxylon) | (Ammonoidea) | xx | xx | 387,000 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | Devonian | Middle Devonian / Erian | Givetian | xx | xx | Gilboa, New York, USA | xx | xx | psilophytes (Hostimella), ferns (Aneurophyton, Asteroxylon) | first Archaeognatha | xx | xx | xx |
| 374,000 | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | Devonian | Upper Devonian / Senecan | Frasnian / Adorfian I | xx | 374,000 | xx | xx | 374,000 | psilophytes, Archaeopteris | xx | xx | xx | 374,000 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | Devonian | Upper Devonian / Chautauquan | Famennian / Nehdenian II | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | psilophytes, Archaeopteris | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | Devonian | Upper Devonian / Chautauquan | Famennian / Hembergian III & IV | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | psilophytes, Archaeopteris | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | Devonian | Upper Devonian / Chautauquan | Famennian / Dasbergian V | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | psilophytes, Archaeopteris | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| 355,000 | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | Devonian | Upper Devonian / Chautauquan | Famennian / Wocklumian VI | xx | 355,000 | xx | xx | 355,000 | Archaeopteris, extinction of psilophytes | xx | xx | xx | 355,000 |
| 354,000 344,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Lower) Carboniferous / Mississipian | Dinantian I / Tournaisian | Kinderhookian / Balvian / Hastarian & Ivorian | xx | 354,000 344,000 |
xx | xx | 354,000 344,000 |
Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, calamites, ferns, pteridosperms (Pecopteris), cordaits, Sphenophyllum | xx | first Tetrapoda (Ichthyostega) | xx | 354,000 344,000 |
| 344,000 333,500 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Lower) Carboniferous / Mississipian | Dinantian II / Viséan | Osagian / Erdbachian / Chadian & Arundian & Holkerian | xx | 344,000 333,500 |
xx | xx | 344,000 333,500 |
Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, calamites, ferns, pteridosperms (Pecopteris), cordaits, Sphenophyllum | xx | xx | xx | 344,000 333,500 |
| 333,500 319,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Lower) Carboniferous / Mississipian | Dinantian III / Viséan | Meramecian / Aprathian / Asbian & Brigantian | xx | 333,500 319,000 |
xx | xx | 333,500 319,000 |
Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, calamites, ferns, pteridosperms (Pecopteris), cordaits, Sphenophyllum | xx | xx | xx | 333,500 319,000 |
| 319,000 316,500 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Lower) Carboniferous / Mississipian | Silesian / Namurian A | Chesterian / Pendleian | xx | 319,000 316,500 |
xx | xx | 319,000 316,500 |
Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, calamites, ferns, pteridosperms (Pecopteris), cordaits, Sphenophyllum | xx | xx | xx | 319,000 316,500 |
| 316,500 313,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Lower) Carboniferous / Mississipian | Silesian / Namurian A | Chesterian / Arnsbergian | xx | 316,500 313,000 |
Bitterfeld / Delitzsch, Germany | xx | 316,500 313,000 |
Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, calamites, ferns, pteridosperms (Pecopteris), cordaits, Sphenophyllum | Delitzschala (oldest pterygote insect) | xx | xx | 316,500 313,000> |
| 313,000 | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Upper) Carboniferous / Mississipian | Silesian / Namurian A | Chesterian / Chokierian | xx | 313,000 | Gulpen, South-Limburg, Netherlands | xx | 313,000 | Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, calamites, ferns, pteridosperms (Pecopteris), cordaits, Sphenophyllum | xx | xx | xx | 313,000 |
| 312,000 | Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Upper) Carboniferous / Mississipian | Silesian / Namurian A | Chesterian / Alportian | xx | 312,000 | Gulpen, South-Limburg, Netherlands; Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland | xx | 312,000 | Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, calamites, ferns, pteridosperms (Pecopteris), cordaits, Sphenophyllum | xx | xx | xx | 312,000 |
| 312,000 311,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Upper) Carboniferous / Mississipian | Silesian / Namurian B | Chesterian / Kinderscoutian | xx | 312,000 311,000 |
Gulpen, South-Limburg, Netherlands; Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland; Lehi, Utah, USA | xx | 312,000 311,000 |
Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, calamites, ferns, pteridosperms (Pecopteris), cordaits, Sphenophyllum | xx | xx | xx | 312,000 311,000 |
| 311,000 310,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Upper) Carboniferous / Mississipian | Silesian / Namurian B | Chesterian / Marsdenian | xx | 311,000 310,000 |
Hagen-Vorhalle, Ruhrgebiet, Germany; Charbonnages de Monceau-Fontaine, Charleroi Coal Basin, Belgium; Schmiedestraße, Wuppertal, Germany | Erasipteroides, Zessinella, Namurotypus | 311,000 310,000 |
Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, calamites, ferns, pteridosperms (Pecopteris), cordaits, Sphenophyllum | xx | xx | xx | 311,000 310,000 |
| 310,000 309,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Upper / Middle) Carboniferous / Mississipian | Silesian / Namurian C | Chesterian / Yeadonian | xx | 310,000 309,000 |
Horní Suchá, Upper Silesian Coal District, Moravia, Czechia; Ningxian, PR China | Erasipteron | 310,000 309,000 |
Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, calamites, ferns, pteridosperms (Pecopteris), cordaits, Sphenophyllum | xx | xx | xx | 310,000 309,000 |
| 309,000 307,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Upper / Middle) Carboniferous / (Lower) Pennyslvanian | Silesian / Westphalian A | Morrowan / Bashkirian / Langsettian | permo-carbonic Gondwana-glaciation | 309,000 307,000 |
Malazán, Paganzo Basin, La Rioja, West-Argentina; Bolsover, Derbyshire, England, UK; Durham, Georgia, USA | Eugeropteron, Geropteron, Carpentertypus, Tupus, Whalleyala | 309,000 307,000 |
calamnites, pteridosperms (Sphenopteris) | xx | xx | xx | 309,000 307,000 |
| 307,000 305,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Upper / Middle) Carboniferous / (Lower) Pennyslvanian | Silesian / Westphalian B | Morrowan / Bashkirian / Duckmantian | permo-carbonic Gondwana-glaciation | 307,000 305,000 |
Kuznetsk, Sibiria, Russia | xx | 307,000 305,000 |
calamnites, pteridosperms (Sphenopteris) | xx | xx | xx | 307,000 305,000 |
| 305,000 303,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Upper / Middle) Carboniferous / (Middle) Pennyslvanian | Silesian / Westphalian C | Atokan (Derryan) / Moscovian / Bolsovian | permo-carbonic Gondwana-glaciation | 305,000 303,000 |
Kuznetsk, Sibiria, Russia; Mazon Creek,IL, USA; Coxton, Pennsylvania, USA; Saar, Germany; Bohemia, Czechia | "Palaeotherates", Paralogus | 305,000 303,000 |
calamnites | Bojophlebia (Ephemerida) | xx | xx | 305,000 303,000 |
| 303,000 301,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Upper / Middle) Carboniferous / (Middle) Pennyslvanian | Silesian / Westphalian D | Desmoinesian / Moscovian / Westphalian sens. str. | permo-carbonic Gondwana-glaciation | 303,000 301,000 |
Kuznetsk, Sibiria, Russia; Mazon Creek,IL, USA; Blyth, Pennsylvania, USA; Saar, Germany; Radstock (near Bristol), England, UK | Boltonites, Erasipterella, Oligotypus, Paralogopsis, Solutotherates | 303,000 301,000 |
calamnites | Testajapyx (Diplura) | xx | xx | 303,000 301,000 |
| 301,000 299,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Upper / Middle) Carboniferous / (Upper) Pennyslvanian | Silesian / Stephanian A | Missourian / Uralian / Cantabrian & Barruelian | permo-carbonic Gondwana-glaciation | 301,000 299,000 |
Kuznetsk, Sibiria, Russia; Commentry & Montceau-les-Mines, Central-France; Saar, Germany | xx | 301,000 299,000 |
calamnites, first "gymnosperms" (Walchia), Gondwana-Flora: Glossopteris | xx | xx | xx | 301,000 299,000 |
| 299,000 298,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Upper) Carboniferous / (Upper) Pennyslvanian | Silesian / Stephanian B | Missourian / Uralian | permo-carbonic Gondwana-glaciation | 299,000 298,000 |
Kuznetsk, Sibiria, Russia; Commentry & Montceau-les-Mines, Central-France; Saar, Germany | Meganeura, Meganeurula | 299,000 298,000 |
calamnites, first "gymnosperms" (Walchia), Gondwana-Flora: Glossopteris | xx | xx | xx | 299,000 298,000 |
| 298,000 296,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | (Upper) Carboniferous / (Upper) Pennyslvanian | Silesian / Stephanian C & D | Virgilian / Uralian / Gzhelian | permo-carbonic Gondwana-glaciation | 298,000 296,000 |
Kuznetsk, Sibiria, Russia; Commentry & Montceau-Les-Mines, Central-France; Saar, Germany; Plötz & Wettin (near Halle), Germany; Carrizo de Arroyo, New Mexico, USA | Schlechtendaliola, Stephanotypus | 298,000 296,000 |
calamnites, first "gymnosperms" (Walchia), Gondwana-Flora: Glossopteris | xx | first Synapsida | xx | 298,000 296,000 |
| 296,000 290,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | Permian | Lower Permian / Lower Dyas / (Unteres) Rotliegendes | Autunian / Wolfcampian / Asselian | permo-carbonic Gondwana-glaciation | 296,000 290,000 |
Kuznetsk, Sibiria, Russia; Ricany, Moravia, Czechia; Saar, Germany | xx | 296,000 290,000 |
calamnites, Callipteris, first "gymnosperms", Gondwana-Flora: Glossopteris | xx | "pelycosaurians" | xx | 296,000 290,000 |
| 290,000 283,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | Permian | Lower Permian / Lower Dyas / (Oberes) Rotliegendes | Autunian / Wolfcampian / Sakmarian | permo-carbonic Gondwana-glaciation | 290,000 283,000 |
Kuznetsk, Sibiria, Russia; Ricany, Moravia, Czechia; Saar, Germany | xx | 290,000 283,000 |
calamnites, Callipteris, first "gymnosperms", Gondwana-Flora: Glossopteris | xx | xx | xx | 290,000 283,000 |
| 283,000 277,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | Permian | Lower Permian / Lower Dyas / (Oberes) Rotliegendes | Saxonian / Leonardian / Artinskian | permo-carbonic Gondwana-glaciation | 283,000 277,000 |
Kuznetsk, Sibiria, Russia; Elmo, Kansas, USA; Noble Co. & Midco, Oklahoma, USA; Grand Canyon Nat.Park, USA | Camptotaxineura, Ditaxineura, Progoneura, Kennedya, Meganeuropsis, Megatypus, Oligotypus, Tupus | 283,000 277,000 |
calamnites, Callipteris, first "gymnosperms", Gondwana-Flora: Glossopteris | xx | xx | xx | 283,000 277,000 |
| 277,000 274,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Paleophytican | Permian | Lower Permian / Lower Dyas / (Oberes) Rotliegendes | Saxonian / Guadelupian / Kungurian | permo-carbonic Gondwana-glaciation | 277,000 274,000 |
Kuznetsk, Sibiria, Russia; Tshekarda (= Cekarda), Ural-Mts., Russia; Stockheim, Franken, Germany | Arctotypus, Petrotypus, Ephemerites | 277,000 274,000 |
calamnites, Callipteris, first "gymnosperms", Gondwana-Flora: Glossopteris | xx | xx | xx | 277,000 274,000 |
| 274,000 267,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Mesophytican | Permian | Upper Permian / Lower Dyas / (Oberes) Rotliegendes | Thuringian / Guadelupian / Ufimian & Kazanian | xx | 274,000 267,000 |
Kuznetsk, Sibiria, Russia; Iva-Gora, Archangel'sk, Russia; Kargala & Sojana & Kama, Russia; Falkland-Isl. | Arctotypus, Karagalotypus, Permagrion | 274,000 267,000 |
radiation of "gymnosperms" (Ullmannia) | xx | xx | xx | 274,000 267,000 |
| 267,000 258,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Mesophytican | Permian | Upper Permian / Lower Dyas / (Oberes) Rotliegendes | Thuringian / Ochoan / Tatarian | xx | 267,000 258,000 |
xx | xx | 267,000 258,000 |
radiation of "gymnosperms" (Ullmannia) | xx | xx | xx | 267,000 258,000 |
| 258,000 251,000 |
Phanerozoican | Paleozoican | Mesophytican | Permian | Upper Permian / Upper Dyas / Zechstein | Thuringian / Ochoan / Tatarian | xx | 258,000 251,000 |
Belmont, NSW, Australia; Natal, S.-Africa | Polytaxineura | 258,000 251,000 |
radiation of "gymnosperms" (Ullmannia) | extinction of trilobites | first "therapsids" | xx | 258,000 251,000 |
| 251,000 241,000 |
Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Triassic | Lower Triassic / (U. & M. & O.) Buntsandstein | Skythian / Induan & Olenekian | xx | 251,000 241,000 |
"Voltzien-Sandstein" | xx | 251,000 241,000 |
radiation of "gymnosperms" (Pleuromeia, Voltzia) | xx | xx | xx | 251,000 241,000 |
| 240,000 237,000 |
Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Triassic | Middle Triassic / (Lower) Muschelkalk | Anisian | xx | 240,000 237,000 |
xx | xx | 240,000 237,000 |
radiation of "gymnosperms" | xx | xx | xx | 240,000 237,000 |
| 237,000 235,500 |
Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Triassic | Middle Triassic / (Middle) Muschelkalk | Anisian | xx | 237,000 235,500 |
xx | xx | 237,000 235,500 |
radiation of "gymnosperms" | xx | xx | xx | 237,000 235,500 |
| 235,500 232,000 |
Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Triassic | Middle Triassic / (Upper) Muschelkalk | Anisian & Ladinian | xx | 235,500 232,000 |
Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland | xx | 235,500 232,000 |
radiation of "gymnosperms" | xx | xx | xx | 235,500 232,000 |
| 232,000 229,000 |
Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Triassic | Middle Triassic / (Lower) Keuper | Ladinian | xx | 232,000 229,000 |
"Lettenkohle" | xx | 232,000 229,000 |
radiation of "gymnosperms" (Equisetites, Lepidopteris) | xx | xx | xx | 232,000 229,000 |
| 229,000 | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Triassic | Upper Triassic / (Mittler) Keuper | Carnian | xx | 229,000 | Denmark Hill & Mt. Crosby, near Ipswich, Qld, Australia; Ominé Coal Field, Miné, Yamaguchi, Japan; Bird's River (Molteno Formation), South Africa | "Samarura"-larva, Mesophlebia, Perissophlebia, Triassagrion, Triassolestes, Triassophlebia, Triassothemis, Triassoneura, Triassologus | 229,000 | radiation of "gymnosperms" (Equisetites, Lepidopteris) | xx | xx | xx | 229,000 |
| 222,000 | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Triassic | Upper Triassic / (Mittler) Keuper | Norian | xx | 222,000 | Ponte Giurino, Bergamo, Italy; Issyk-kul & South Fergana, Kirgisistan, SUN | Italophlebia, Batkenia, Terskeja, Triassolestodes, Triadotypus, all Triadophlebiomorpha | 222,000 | radiation of "gymnosperms" | xx | first "true" Mammalia | xx | 222,000 |
| 212,000 | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Triassic | Upper Triassic / (Upper) Keuper | Norian | xx | 212,000 | Brassal Quarry, near Ipswich, Qld., Australia; Trossingen, Germany | "Samarura"-larvae | 212,000 | radiation of "gymnosperms" (ginkgos) | extinction of conodonts | Morganucodon | xx | 212,000 |
| 212,000 208,000 |
Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Triassic | Upper Triassic / (Upper) Keuper | Rhaetian (Rhät) | xx | 212,000 208,000 |
Brassal Quarry, near Ipswich, Qld., Australia; Trossingen, Germany | "Samarura"-larvae | 212,000 208,000 |
radiation of "gymnosperms" (ginkgos) | extinction of conodonts | Morganucodon | xx | 212,000 208,000 |
| 208,000 | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Jurassic | Lower Jurassic / Lias / Schwarzjura alpha 1 & 2 | Hettangian | xx | 208,000 | Forêt de Mouchard, France (probably Rhaetian) | Piroutetia | 208,000 | radiation of "gymnosperms" (Phlebopteris, Ptilophyllum) | xx | xx | xx | 208,000 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Jurassic | Lower Jurassic / Lias / Schwarzjura alpha 3 | Sinemurian | xx | xx | Binton, Warwickshire & Wainlode, Gloucestershire & Cheltenham, England, UK | Liassophlebia, Tillyardagrion | xx | radiation of "gymnosperms" (Phlebopteris, Ptilophyllum) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Jurassic | Lower Jurassic / Lias / Schwarzjura beta 1 & 2 | Sinemurian / Lotharingian | xx | xx | Binton, Warwickshire & Wainlode, Gloucestershire & Cheltenham, England, UK | xx | xx | radiation of "gymnosperms" (Phlebopteris, Ptilophyllum) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Jurassic | Lower Jurassic / Lias / Schwarzjura gamma | Pliensbachian / Carixian | xx | xx | Dumbleton, UK | xx | xx | radiation of "gymnosperms" (Phlebopteris, Ptilophyllum) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Jurassic | Lower Jurassic / Lias / Schwarzjura delta 1 & 2 | Pliensbachian / Domerian | xx | xx | Dumbleton, UK | Liassogomphus | xx | radiation of "gymnosperms" (Phlebopteris, Ptilophyllum) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Jurassic | Lower Jurassic / Lias / Schwarzjura epsilon | (Lower) Toarcian | xx | xx | Holzmaden ("Ölschiefer or Posidonienschiefer"), Germany; Grimmen & Dobbertin, E-Germany; RMD-Kanal, Sulzkirchen & Bachhausen & Kerkhofen, Bavaria, Germany; Grassel, Braunschweig, Germany; Bascharage, Luxemburg; Dumbleton, Gloucestershire, England | Protomyrmeleon, Obotritagrion, Sphenophlebia, Ensphingophlebia, Mesoepiophlebia, Archithemis, Selenothemis, Heterothemis, Liadothemis, Heterophlebia, Paraheterophlebia, Paraplagiophlebia, Myopophlebia, Elattogomphus, Proinogomphus, Palaeogomphus, Strongylogomphus, Necygomphus, Trigonophlebia | xx | radiation of "gymnosperms" (Phlebopteris, Ptilophyllum) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Jurassic | Lower Jurassic / Lias / Schwarzjura zeta | (Upper) Toarcian | xx | xx | Dobbertin, Germany | Protomyrmeleon, Obotritagrion, Zirzipanagrion, Gomphoides | xx | radiation of "gymnosperms" (Phlebopteris, Ptilophyllum) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| 188,000 | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Jurassic | Middle Jurassic / Dogger / Braunjura alpha & beta | Aalenian | xx | 188,000 | Dobbertin, Mecklenburg, Germany | Protomyrmeleon, Campterophlebia, Heterophlebia, Liadothemis, Magnasupplephlebia | 188,000 | radiation of "gymnosperms" (Phlebopteris, Williamsonia) | xx | xx | xx | 188,000 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Jurassic | Middle Jurassic / Dogger / Braunjura gamma & delta | Bajocian | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | radiation of "gymnosperms" (Phlebopteris, Williamsonia) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Jurassic | Middle Jurassic / Dogger / Braunjura epsilon | Bathonian | xx | xx | Ust Balei, Sibiria, Russia | Palaeophlebia, "Samarura"-larva | xx | radiation of "gymnosperms" (Phlebopteris, Williamsonia) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Jurassic | Middle Jurassic / Dogger / Braunjura zeta | Callovian | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | radiation of "gymnosperms" (Phlebopteris, Williamsonia) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| 163,000 | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Jurassic | Upper Jurassic / Malm / Weißjura alpha & beta | Oxfordian | xx | 163,000 | Karatau, Kazakhstan, SUN | Turanophlebia, Turanothemis, Oreopteron, Turanopteron, Oreopterella, Asiopteron, Atkassia, Cymatophlebiella, Euthemis, Isophlebiodes, Kazachophlebia, Mesuropetala, "Protolindenia" (Pritykiniella, Kazakhophlebiella) | 163,000 | radiation of "gymnosperms" (Phlebopteris) | xx | xx | xx | 163,000 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Jurassic | Upper Jurassic / Malm / Weißjura gamma & delta & epsilon | Kimmeridgian | xx | xx | Nusplingen Lithographic Limestones, Germany; Suebian Alb, Germany | Cymatophlebia, Aeschnidium, Urogomphus | xx | radiation of "gymnosperms" (Phlebopteris, Palaeocyparis) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Jurassic | Upper Jurassic / Malm / Weißjura zeta | Tithonian (ex Upper Kimmeridgian) (Purbeck) | xx | xx | Solnhofen & Eichstätt (Lithographic Limestone), Germany | Aeschnidium, Aeschnogomphus, Anisophlebia, Cymatophlebia, Eumorbaeschna, Euphaeopsis, Isophlebia, Stenophlebia, Tarsophlebia, Malmagrion, Mesuropetala, Nannogomphus, Prohemeroscopus, Protolindenia, Prostenophlebia, Pseudoeuphaea, Steleopteron, Urogomphus | xx | radiation of "gymnosperms" (Phlebopteris, Palaeocyparis) | xx | first birds (Archaeopteryx) | xx | xx |
| 144,000 | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Cretaceous | Early Cretaceous | Berriasian (Purbeck & Wealden) | xx | 144,000 | Flinders River, Qld., Australia; Montsech, Lleida / Lérida, Spain; Jiuquan Basin, Gansu Province, China; Zhamen (Sahai formation), A.R. Inner Mongolia, China | Aeschnidiopsis, Palaeaeschna-larva, Hebeiaeschnidia, Brunnaeschnidia, Sinaeschnidia | 144,000 | radiation of "gymnosperms", bennettites, conifers, ginkgos, Dioonites, Raumeria = Cycadeoidea | xx | first Eutheria | xx | 144,000 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Cretaceous | Lower Cretaceous / Neokom | Valanginian / Valendisian (Wealden) | xx | xx | Montsech, Lleida / Lérida, Spain; Lebanese amber | Lleidoaeschnidium, Condalia | xx | radiation of "gymnosperms", bennettites, conifers, ginkgos, Dioonites, Raumeria = Cycadeoidea | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Cretaceous | Lower Cretaceous / Neokom | Hauterivian (Wealden) | xx | xx | Weald-Clay, SE-England, UK; Transbaikals, Russia; West-Mongolia | Cretacoenagrion, Tarsophlebia, Euthemis, Sona, Eocordulia, Nacholonda, Turanophlebia, Leptaeschnidium, Baissaeshna, Gobiaeshna, Gomphaeschna, Hemeroscopus | xx | radiation of "gymnosperms", bennettites, conifers, ginkgos, Dioonites, Raumeria = Cycadeoidea | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Cretaceous | Lower Cretaceous / Neokom | Barremian | xx | xx | Weald-Clay, SE-England, UK; Las Hoyas, Cuenca, Spain; Abu Ras-Plateau, SW-Egypt | Iberoaeschnidium, Gigantoaeschnidium, Nannoaeschnidium, Aegyptidium | xx | radiation of "gymnosperms", bennettites, conifers, ginkgos, Dioonites, Raumeria = Cycadeoidea | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Cretaceous | Lower Cretaceous / Neokom & Gault | Aptian | xx | xx | Crato member / Santana formation, near Nova Olinda, Araripe basin, Céara, NE-Brazil | Parahemiphlebia, Eoprotoneura, Euarchistigma, Nothomacromia, Wightonia, Santanoptera, Cretapetalura, Gomphaeschnaoides, Paramorbaeschna, Araripegomphus, Cordulagomphus, Procordulagomphus, Araripelibellula | xx | radiation of "gymnosperms", bennettites, conifers, ginkgos, Dioonites, Raumeria = Cycadeoidea | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Mesophytican | Cretaceous | Lower Cretaceous / Gault | Albian | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | radiation of "gymnosperms", bennettites, conifers, ginkgos, Dioonites, Raumeria = Cycadeoidea | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| 97,500 | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Neophytican | Cretaceous | Upper Cretaceous | Cenomanian | xx | 97,500 | Orapa, Botswana | Proaeschna-larva | 97,500 | radiation of angiosperms (Magnolia, Ficus, Credneria, Sassafras, Viburnum), Sequoia, extinction of bennettites | xx | xx | xx | 97,500 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Neophytican | Cretaceous | Upper Cretaceous | Turonian | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | radiation of angiosperms (Magnolia, Ficus, Credneria, Sassafras, Viburnum), Sequoia, extinction of bennettites | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Neophytican | Cretaceous | Upper Cretaceous | Coniacian / Emscherian | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | radiation of angiosperms (Magnolia, Ficus, Credneria, Sassafras, Viburnum), Sequoia, extinction of bennettites | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Neophytican | Cretaceous | Upper Cretaceous | Santonian / Emscherian & Senonian | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | radiation of angiosperms (Magnolia, Ficus, Credneria, Sassafras, Viburnum), Sequoia, extinction of bennettites | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Neophytican | Cretaceous | Upper Cretaceous | Campanian / Senonian | xx | xx | (Canadian amber) | xx | xx | radiation of angiosperms (Magnolia, Ficus, Credneria, Sassafras, Viburnum), Sequoia, extinction of bennettites | extinction of ammonites | extinction of "dinosaurs" | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Mesozoican | Neophytican | Cretaceous | Upper Cretaceous | Maastrichtian / Senonian | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | radiation of angiosperms (Magnolia, Ficus, Credneria, Sassafras, Viburnum), Sequoia, extinction of bennettites | xx | Eutheria-radiation | xx | xx |
| 65,000 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Early) Tertiary / Paleogene | (Lower) Paleocene | Dano-Montian (Danian) | xx | 65,000 | xx | xx | 65,000 | subtropical forest (palm-trees, Taxodium, Laurus, Ficus, Juglans, Cinnamomum, Rhus, Liriodendron, Sequoia, Araucaria, Nymphaea) | xx | xx | first primates (Plesiadapiformes) | 65,000 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Early) Tertiary / Paleogene | (Middle) Paleocene | Thanetian | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | subtropical forest (palm-trees, Taxodium, Laurus, Ficus, Juglans, Cinnamomum, Rhus, Liriodendron, Sequoia, Araucaria, Nymphaea) | xx | xx | Plesiadapiformes | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Early) Tertiary / Paleogene | (Upper) Paleocene | Sparnacian | xx | xx | Menat, Massif Central, France; Fur-Formation (= Mo-clay, Moler), Jütland, Denmark; Havighorst, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany | xx | xx | subtropical forest (palm-trees, Taxodium, Laurus, Ficus, Juglans, Cinnamomum, Rhus, Liriodendron, Sequoia, Araucaria, Nymphaea) | xx | xx | Plesiadapiformes | xx |
| 54,900 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Early) Tertiary / Paleogene | (Lower) Eocene | Ypresian | xx | 54,900 | Grauves | xx | 54,900 | subtropical forest (palm-trees, Taxodium, Laurus, Ficus, Juglans, Cinnamomum, Rhus, Liriodendron, Sequoia, Araucaria, Nymphaea) | xx | xx | Adapiformes | 54,900 |
| 48,000 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Early) Tertiary / Paleogene | (Middle) Eocene | Lutetian | xx | 48,000 | Baltic amber; Dominican amber; Geiseltal, E-Germany; Messel, N-Odenwald, Hessen, Germany; Eckfeld, SW-Eifel, Germany; Montells, Dept. Gard, France; Bouxwiller, France; Egerkingen, Switzerland; Faijum (Nummuliten-Kalk), Egypt | xx | 48,000 | subtropical forest (palm-trees, Taxodium, Laurus, Ficus, Juglans, Cinnamomum, Rhus, Liriodendron, Sequoia, Araucaria, Nymphaea) | extinction of belemnites | xx | Adapiformes | 48,000 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Early) Tertiary / Paleogene | Eocene | Bartonian | xx | xx | Dominican amber; Egerkingen, Switzerland; Robiac | xx | xx | subtropical forest (palm-trees, Taxodium, Laurus, Ficus, Juglans, Cinnamomum, Rhus, Liriodendron, Sequoia, Araucaria, Nymphaea) | xx | xx | Adapiformes | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Early) Tertiary / Paleogene | (Upper) Eocene | Priabonian | xx | xx | Dominican amber; Florissant and Roan Mountain and Chase Basin, Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA; Wyoming, USA; Bembridge Limestone, Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight, UK | Phenacolestes, Eolestes, Zacallites, Protamphipteryx, Eocalopteryx | xx | subtropical forest (palm-trees, Taxodium, Laurus, Ficus, Juglans, Cinnamomum, Rhus, Liriodendron, Sequoia, Araucaria, Nymphaea) | xx | xx | Adapiformes | xx |
| 38,000 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Early) Tertiary / Paleogene | (Lower) Oligocene | Sannoisian / Latdorfian | xx | 38,000 | Dominican amber; Mexican amber; (secondary deposition of Baltic amber in glauconitic sands); Puy-St.-Jean, Massif Central, France; Puy-de-Corent, Auvergne, France; Cereste and Dauphin, Provence, France; Les Camoins, Bouches du Rhone, France; Sieblos, Rhön, Bavaria, Germany; Kleinkrems, Baden, Germany; Brunstatt and Potasse, Alsace, France | "Calopteryx"-larva, "Gomphus"-larva & -imago, "Gomphoides", "Platycnemis", Odonata inc. sed., Sieblosia | 38,000 | subtropical forest (palm-trees, Taxodium, Laurus, Ficus, Juglans, Cinnamomum, Rhus, Liriodendron, Sequoia, Araucaria, Nymphaea) | xx | xx | first Lemuriformes, Lorisiformes, Tarsiformes | 38,000 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Early) Tertiary / Paleogene | (Middle) Oligocene | Rupelian | xx | xx | Dominican amber; Mexican amber; Green River, Wyoming, USA | Dysagrion | xx | subtropical forest (palm-trees, Taxodium, Laurus, Ficus, Juglans, Cinnamomum, Rhus, Liriodendron, Sequoia, Araucaria, Nymphaea) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Early) Tertiary / Paleogene | (Middle) Oligocene | Rupelian | xx | xx | Dominican amber; Mexican amber; Eugene Formation, Oregon, USA | Litheuphaea | xx | subtropical forest (palm-trees, Taxodium, Laurus, Ficus, Juglans, Cinnamomum, Rhus, Liriodendron, Sequoia, Araucaria, Nymphaea) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Early) Tertiary / Paleogene | (Upper) Oligocene | Chattian / Egerian | xx | xx | Dominican amber; Mexican amber; Aix-en-Provence & Covent & Céreste, France; Rott, Rheinland, Germany; Enspel, Westerwald, Germany | Megasemum, Platycnemididae & Coenagrionidae innom., Oligolestes, "Lestes" | xx | subtropical forest (palm-trees, Taxodium, Laurus, Ficus, Juglans, Cinnamomum, Rhus, Liriodendron, Sequoia, Araucaria, Nymphaea) | xx | xx | first Anthropoidea | xx |
| 24,600 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Tertiary / Neogene | (Lower) Miocene | Aquitanian / Egerian | xx | 24,600 | Dominican amber; Mexican amber; Randecker Maar, Suebian Alb, Germany; Mainzer Hydrobien-layers, Mainz Basin, Germany; Parschlug, Steiermark, Austria; Radoboj, Croatia; Seki, Sado Island, Japan; | Croatcordulia, Lithemis, Oligocaemia | 24,600 | atlantic flora (Ficus, Laurus, Cinnamomum, Rhus); arctic flora (Acer, Quercus) | xx | xx | first Strepsirhini & Haplorhini | 24,600 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Tertiary / Neogene | Miocene | Burdigalian / Eggenburgian | xx | xx | Dominican amber ?; Mexican amber | Coenagrionidae innom. , Libelluloidea inc. sed. | xx | atlantic flora (Ficus, Laurus, Cinnamomum, Rhus); arctic flora (Acer, Quercus) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Tertiary / Neogene | Miocene | Langhian / Helvetian | xx | xx | Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight, UK; Falkenau, Bavaria, Germany; | xx | xx | atlantic flora (Ficus, Laurus, Cinnamomum, Rhus); arctic flora (Acer, Quercus) | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Tertiary / Neogene | Miocene | Serravallian / Helvetian | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | atlantic flora (Ficus, Laurus, Cinnamomum, Rhus); arctic flora (Acer, Quercus) | xx | xx | first Hominoidea | xx |
| 10,000 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Tertiary / Neogene | (Upper) Miocene | Tortonian / Karpatian & Badenian | xx | 10,000 | Öhningen (near Stein am Rhein, Bodensee), Germany; Böttinger marble, Suebian Alb, Germany; Belver, Pyrenees, Spain | Libellulid-larvae | 10,000 | Ficus, Acer, Populus, Cupressus, Phragmites, Gleditschia | xx | Andrias scheuchzeri (Urodela) | xx | 10,000 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Tertiary / Neogene | (Upper) Miocene | Messinian / Sarmatian | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx |
| 5,100 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Tertiary / Neogene | Pliocene | Zanclian / Tabianian (Pontian & Pannonian) | xx | 5,100 | xx | xx | 5,100 | xx | xx | xx | first Hominidae | 5,100 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Tertiary / Neogene | Pliocene | Piacentinian / Dazian | Pleistocene glacials (N.-America / N.-Germany / Alps) | xx | Willershausen, Harz, Germany | xx | xx | Acer, Quercus, Zelkova | xx | xx | first Australopithecus | xx |
| 2,400 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Early) Quaternary | (Early) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Pre-Glacial / Prätegelen- or Brüggen-Kaltzeit / Biber-Kaltzeit | 2,400 | xx | xx | 2,400 | xx | xx | xx | Pre-Lithican (first Homo) | 2,400 |
| 2,200 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Early) Quaternary | (Early) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Pre-Glacial / Tegelen-Warmzeit / Biber-Donau-Warmzeit | 2,200 | xx | xx | 2,200 | xx | xx | xx | Pre-Lithican | 2,200 |
| 1,700 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Middle) Quaternary | (Early) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | Villafranchian | Pre-Glacial / Eburon-Kaltzeit / Donau-Kaltzeit | 1,700 | xx | xx | 1,700 | xx | xx | xx | Pre-Lithican | 1,700 |
| 1,390 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Middle) Quaternary | (Early) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Pre-Glacial / Waal-Warmzeit / Donau-Günz-Warmzeit | 1,390 | xx | xx | 1,390 | xx | xx | xx | Pre-Lithican | 1,390 |
| 1,180 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Middle) Quaternary | (Early) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Nebraskan-Glacial / Menap-Kaltzeit / Günz-Glazial | 1,180 | xx | xx | 1,180 | xx | xx | xx | Pre-Lithican | 1,180 |
| 1,000 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Middle) Quaternary | (Early) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | Mosbachian | Nebraskan-Glacial / Menap-Kaltzeit / Günz-Glazial | 1,000 | xx | xx | 1,000 | xx | xx | xx | Earliest Paleolithican | 1,000 |
| 0,820 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Middle) Quaternary | (Middle) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Aftonian Interglacial / Cromer-Komplex / Günz-Mindel-Interglazial | 0,820 | xx | xx | 0,820 | xx | xx | xx | Early Paleolithican | 0,820 |
| 0,600 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Middle) Quaternary | (Middle) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Aftonian Interglacial / Cromer-Komplex / Günz-Mindel-Interglazial | 0,600 | xx | xx | 0,600 | xx | xx | xx | Early Paleolithican | 0,600 |
| 0,420 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | (Middle) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Kansan-Glacial / Elster-Glazial / Mindel-Glazial | 0,420 | xx | xx | 0,420 | xx | xx | xx | Early Paleolithican | 0,420 |
| 0,260 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | (Middle) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Yarmouth Interglacial / Holstein-Interglazial / Mindel-Riß-Interglazial | 0,260 | xx | xx | 0,260 | Acer, Alnus, Populus, Quercus | xx | xx | Early Paleolithican | 0,260 |
| 0,180 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | (Middle) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Illinoian-Glacial / Saale-Glazial / Riß-Glazial | 0,180 | xx | xx | 0,180 | xx | xx | xx | Early Paleolithican | 0,180 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | (Middle) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Illinoian-Glacial / Saale-Glazial / Riß-Glazial | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | Early Paleolithican | xx |
| 0,135 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | (Middle) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Illinoian-Glacial / Saale-Glazial / Riß-Glazial | 0,135 | xx | xx | 0,135 | xx | xx | xx | Middle Paleolithican | 0,135 |
| 0,120 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | (Late) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Sangamon Interglacial / Eem-Interglazial / Riß-Würm-Interglazial | 0,120 | xx | xx | 0,120 | xx | xx | xx | Late Paleolithican | 0,120 |
| 0,071 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | (Late) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Wisconsin-Glacial / Weichsel-Glazial / Würm-Glazial | 0,071 | xx | xx | 0,071 | xx | xx | xx | Late Paleolithican | 0,071 |
| xx | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | (Late) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Wisconsin-Glacial / Weichsel-Glazial / Würm-Glazial | xx | Sibiria, Russia ("permafrost-mammoths") | xx | xx | xx | xx | xx | Late Paleolithican | xx |
| 0,015 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | (Late) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Wisconsin-Glacial / Weichsel-Glazial / Würm-Glazial | 0,015 | xx | xx | 0,015 | Earliest Dryas (tundra) | xx | xx | Late Paleolithican | 0,015 |
| 0,014 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | (Late) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Wisconsin-Glacial / Weichsel-Glazial / Würm-Glazial | 0,014 | xx | xx | 0,014 | Bölling (tundra) | xx | xx | Late Paleolithican | 0,014 |
| 0,013 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | (Late) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Wisconsin-Glacial / Weichsel-Glazial / Würm-Glazial | 0,013 | xx | xx | 0,013 | Early Dryas (tundra) | xx | xx | Late Paleolithican | 0,013 |
| 0,012 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | (Late) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Early Postglazial | 0,012 | xx | xx | 0,012 | Alleröd ("Subarkt. Waldsteppe") | xx | xx | Late Paleolithican | 0,012 |
| 0,011 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | (Late) Pleistocene (Diluvian) | xx | Early Postglazial | 0,011 | xx | xx | 0,011 | Late Dryas ("Subarkt. Waldsteppe") | xx | xx | Late Paleolithican | 0,011 |
| 0,010 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | Holocene (Alluvian) | xx | Postglacial | 0,010 | xx | xx | 0,010 | Preboreal ("Kiefern- & Birken-Zeit") | xx | xx | Mesolithican | 0,010 |
| 0,009 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | Holocene (Alluvian) | xx | Postglacial | 0,009 | xx | xx | 0,009 | Boreal ("Birken- & Kiefern-Zeit") | xx | xx | Mesolithican | 0,009 |
| 0,008 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | Holocene (Alluvian) | xx | Postglacial | 0,008 | xx | xx | 0,008 | Atlantican ("Hasel-Zeit") | xx | xx | Mesolithican | 0,008 |
| 0,006 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | Holocene (Alluvian) | xx | Postglacial | 0,006 | xx | xx | 0,006 | Atlantican ("Eichen-Zeit") | xx | xx | Neolithican | 0,006 |
| 0,005 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | Holocene (Alluvian) | xx | Postglacial | 0,005 | xx | xx | 0,005 | Subboreal ("Eichenmischwald-Zeit") | xx | xx | Neolithican | 0,005 |
| 0,004 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | Holocene (Alluvian) | xx | Postglacial | 0,004 | xx | xx | 0,004 | Subboreal ("Eichenmischwald-Zeit") | xx | xx | Bronze Age | 0,004 |
| 0,003 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | Holocene (Alluvian) | xx | Postglacial | 0,003 | xx | xx | 0,003 | Subatlantican ("Eichen- & Buchen-Zeit") | xx | xx | Iron Age (Hallstatt & Latène) | 0,003 |
| 0,002 | Phanerozoican | Cenozoican / Neozoican | Neophytican | (Late) Quaternary | Holocene (Alluvian) | xx | Postglacial | 0,002 | Chiemsee (Seeton-Sediment), Germany | Aeshna cyanea (subfossil) | 0,002 | Subatlantican ("Buchen-Zeit") | xx | xx | Historic Age (Roman, Christ) | 0,002 |
| TIME (mybp) | AEONOTHEM | ERATHEM (Zoology) | ERATHEM (Botany) | SYSTEM | SERIES ("ABTEILUNG") | "STUFE" & "ZONE" | GLACIATIONS | TIME (mybp) | FOSSIL LOCALITIES (outcrops) | FOSSIL DRAGONFLIES | TIME (mybp) | FLORA | INVERTEBRATE FAUNA | VERTEBRATE FAUNA | PRIMATES & MEN | TIME (mybp) |
Some data of our planet: third planet of our
solar system, with lithosphere, hydrosphere and athmosphere;
mean distance from sun = 146.5 Mio. km; time of rotation around
sun = 1 year; time of rotation around axis (at equator) = 23 h
56 min; diameter at equator = 12.756 km; diameter from pole to
pole = 12.714 km; mass = 6000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000 kg;
one moon: mean diameter = 3.476 km; mean distance from earth =
384.403 km.
Last Update: 29th April, 2013
© Günter Bechly, Böblingen, 2005